北京市音响设备厂

一、阻抗匹配

One, impedance matching

1、电子管功放（胆机）与音箱匹配时，放大器的输出阻抗应与音箱阻抗相等，否则会出现降低输出功率和增大失真等现象。好在大都胆机都有可变输出阻抗匹配接口如4-8-16欧，与音箱阻抗匹配已趋简单。

1. When the electronic tube amplifier (biliary machine) matches the sound box, the output impedance of the amplifier should be equal to the impedance of the sound box, otherwise the output power and the distortion will appear. Fortunately, most amps have variable output impedance matching interface such as 4-8-16 in Europe, and has become a simple speaker impedance matching.

2、对于晶体管功放（石机）与音箱阻抗的匹配

2, for the transistor power (stone) and speaker impedance matching

①音箱阻抗比功放输出阻抗高时，除了输出功率不同程度的降低外，无其它影响。

When the impedance of speaker is higher than the output impedance of power amplifier, there is no other influence besides the decrease of output power.

②音箱阻抗比功放输出阻抗低时，输出功率相应成比例增加，失真度一般不会增加或增加一点点可忽略。但匹配时音箱阻抗不能太低，如低至2欧（指2只4欧音箱并联时），此时只有功放功率富裕量大，并使用性能良好的大功率管和多管并联推挽，一般对这样的功放无影响。

Secondly, when the impedance of speaker is lower than that of power amplifier, the output power will increase proportionally, and the distortion will not increase or increase a little. But the impedance of the sound box should not be too low, such as low to 2 Europe (when the 2 4 European speakers are in parallel), at this time only the power amplifier is rich in power, and the high power pipe and multi tube parallel push-pull with good performance have no effect on such power amplifier.

反之，一般普通功放富裕量不大，而功放管的pcm、lcm不大，当音量又开得很大时，这时失真会明显增大，严重时机毁箱亡，切切注意。

Conversely, ordinary ordinary power amplifier rich volume, and the PCM, LCM is not large, when the volume is big, when the volume is very large, then the distortion will obviously increase, the serious time to destroy the box, careful attention.

二、功率匹配

Two, power matching

1、从原则上来讲，音箱额定功率与功放额定功率不一致时，对于功放来说，它的功率大小只与音箱阻抗有关，而与音箱额定功率无关。无论音箱功率与功放功率是否相同，对功放工作无影响，只是对音箱本身安全有关。

1. In principle, the rated power of the sound box is not consistent with the rated power of the amplifier. For the power amplifier, its power is only related to the impedance of the sound box, but has nothing to do with the rated power of the sound box. No matter whether the speaker power and the power amplifier are the same, it has no effect on the power amplifier operation, but is related to the safety of the speakers themselves.

2、如果音箱阻抗符合匹配要求，而承受功率比功放功率小，则推动功率充足，听起来很舒服。这就是常说的功放储备功率要大，才能充分地表现出音乐全部内涵，尤其是音乐中的低频部分，表现更为生动、有力。这是一种较好的匹配。

2, if the speaker impedance meets the matching requirements, and the power is lower than the power amplifier power, it will drive enough power, which sounds comfortable. This is often said that the power of the power amplifier to be large, can fully show the full connotation of music, especially the low frequency part of the music, the performance is more vivid and powerful. This is a better match.

3、如果音箱的额定阻抗大于功放的额定功率，虽然二者都能安全的工作，但这时功率放大器推动功率显得不够，会觉得响度不足，往往出现已经开到饱和状态，失真加剧，仍感到力不从心。这是一种较差的匹配。

3, if the rated impedance of the sound box is greater than the rated power of the power amplifier, although the two can work safely, but the power amplifier is not enough to push the power, it will feel that the loudness is insufficient and often appears to be saturated, the distortion is aggravated, and still feel hard to do it. This is a poor match.

三、按阻尼系数匹配

Three. Matching by damping coefficient

对于选一对hi-fi音箱来讲，应有最佳的特定的电阻尼要求（负责任的音箱厂家应该提供此数据，指的是对功放阻尼系数的要求。说清楚点就是如要配此音箱，要求所配的功放阻尼系数要达到多少）。

For the selection of a pair of hi-fi speakers, there should be the best specific electrical damping requirements (the responsible speakers should provide this data, referring to the requirements for the damping coefficient of the power amplifier. It is clear that if we want to match this speaker, we must ask for the damping coefficient of the amplifier.

一般情况下，功放的阻尼系数高一点为好，低档功放阻尼系数小于10时，音箱的低频特征，输出特征，高次谐波特征等都会变坏。（家用功放的阻尼数一般在几十至几百之间）。

In general, the damping coefficient of the amplifier is high, and the low frequency power amplifier damping coefficient is less than 10, the low frequency characteristics of the sound box, the output characteristics and the high order harmonic characteristics will deteriorate. The damping of household amplifiers is usually between tens and hundreds.

四、线材的匹配

Four, the matching of wire

进口发烧线、神经线林林总总，贵至万余元，次之也要千元至数千元，（当然也有百元以下的），使用效果那是见仁见智的事。好的线材一般情况下都会改善音响器材中某系不足。它的传输理论说起来太复杂，只能简述了。

The import fever line and the nerve line forest and forest are more than 10000 yuan, and the second is thousands yuan to thousands of yuan, (of course, there are more than 100 yuan). Good wire rod will improve the shortage of audio equipment in general. Its transmission theory is too complicated to summarize.

传输线的材料与结构，决定了三个重要参数，即电阻、电容、电感（还有电磁效应、集肤效应、近接效应、电抗等）别看这些参数微小的差距，会直接影响到音响系统频率特征，阻尼特征,信号速率，相位精度，也及音色取向和声场定位等。它的主要作用是，高速传输（尽可能减小信号损失）、抗震动、防杂讯、抗干扰（主要是无线电波rf1射频干扰和em1电磁波干扰等）。

The material and structure of the transmission line determine three important parameters, namely, resistance, capacitance, inductance (and electromagnetic effect, skin effect, proximity effect, reactance, etc.) to see the small gap between these parameters, which will directly affect the frequency characteristics, damping characteristics, signal speed, phase accuracy, and tone orientation of the sound system. Sound field positioning and so on. Its main functions are high speed transmission (as far as possible to reduce signal loss), anti vibration, noise prevention, anti-interference (mainly radio wave RF1 radio frequency interference and EM1 electromagnetic interference).